Anatomy and Physiology (ANAPHY) Battery Practice Exam

The primary function of the small intestine is to absorb nutrients from digested food. This organ is specifically adapted for nutrient absorption, featuring a highly folded inner wall lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area available for absorption. As digested food moves through the small intestine, nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed into the bloodstream from the lumen of the intestine.

The small intestine also plays a crucial role in the completion of digestion, aided by enzymes and bile that help break down food into its constituent nutrients, making absorption possible. The efficiency and extensive surface area of the small intestine ensure that the body gets the necessary energy and nutrients it requires for various physiological functions. While other functions listed, such as enzyme production and water regulation, are important in different contexts, they do not represent the primary role of the small intestine as directly as nutrient absorption does.