What occurs during inspiration?

During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. This expansion creates a negative pressure inside the lungs relative to the outside atmosphere, causing air to be drawn into the lungs through the airways. The intercostal muscles also assist by contracting to lift the rib cage upwards and outwards, further increasing lung capacity and facilitating air intake. This process is essential for the exchange of gases, as it allows oxygen to enter the lungs and subsequently diffuse into the bloodstream for transportation to the tissues. The correct understanding of this mechanism is crucial for grasping basic respiratory physiology.